Some of the numbers feature funny messages from world-famous characters while others are random numbers that make for a great fake number to give to that one person that won’t leave you alone. There’s no better way to turn an annoying person down than with one of these random numbers.

Plus, many of these funny random numbers offer practical advice in a funny and entertaining manner. Other numbers have a silly message for a good laugh and then there are those numbers that are so odd you just have to call to find out what is said. So check them out below and see what type of response you get.

1. Santa’s Workshop: 1-603-413-4124 

Thousands of kids write letters to Santa Claus yearly at his workshop at the North Pole. Luckily, kids don’t have to wait until Christmas to talk to the big guy. Now they can pick up the phone, dial 1-603-413-4124, and connect to Santa’s workshop.

Ring this number and you will be met with an automated message that will give the little ones some entertain. This number also works as a great way to prank someone. 

2. Hogwarts Admissions: 605-475-6961 

Think you got what it takes to cast spells, wear an invisibility cloak, and defeat Lord Voldemort? The Hogwarts School for Witchcraft and Wizardry might be for you.

The automated message provides enrollment information and directions to the nine and three-quarters platform to catch the next train to Hogwarts. Give the Hogwarts admissions a call at 605-475-6961. Harry Potter fans will love calling this number. 

3. Outsource Friendship: 605–475–6966 

Nowadays it’s common for developed nations to outsource specific jobs like customer service operators to other countries. You can do the same by outsourcing one of your more stressful friendships.

Have a friend that calls you with every problem? Are they constantly breaking up with their significant other and then spilling their guts to you? Have your friend call 605-475-6966 to annoy them and get them off your back.

4. The Rejection Hotline: (605)–475–6968 

Some people can’t take a hint. Perhaps a guy is pestering a girl with her friends at a bar. Girls often employ a fake number to get them to leave. Take it a step further and give them the rejection hotline number.

The automated message is straightforward and blunt. It starts with “Please take the hint and accept the fact that you’re rejected.” Now that’s how you turn someone down.

5. Mary Sue Rejection Hotline: 646-926-6614 

Unsurprisingly, the rejection hotline might not get the job done. Some guys need help to distinguish between creeping someone out and playing hard to get. Therefore, try the Mary Sue rejection hotline at 646-926-6614.

The automated voice sends a clear message: “Oh, hello there. If you hear this message, you have made a woman feel unsafe and disrespected. Please learn to take no for an answer and respect women’s emotional and physical autonomy.”

6. Divorce Hotline: (605)–475–6960 

Calling the divorce hotline is the perfect prank for a friend about to get married or who has just tied the knot. It’s a funny and harmless prank that’s good for a laugh.

It even features a hilarious automated message with many hilarious lines, such as “Are you tired of constant nagging?” “Do you find yourself apologizing for things you haven’t done?, and “You may want to consider divorce.” 

7. Stop Complaining: 605–475–6973 

We all have that one friend that won’t stop complaining. They’re constantly upset about something and need to air their grievances, just like Frank Costanza in Seinfeld.

If outsourcing the friendship doesn’t work, have them call the stop complaining hotline at 605-475-6973. It’s a funny prank that’ll make them laugh and make a point about their non-stop complaints. 

8. Sobriety Test Hotline: 605–475–6958 

Can’t tell if you’re drunk, need a laugh, or both? The sobriety test hotline is good for a laugh if you’re drunk or not. Call the sobriety test hotline at 605-475-6958 to test your sobriety. The automated service will ask you a series of questions to determine how drunk you are.

9. Keep an Idiot Entertained: 401-285-2079 

Everyone has an epiphany when they realize their best friend, relative, or significant other is, in fact, an idiot. Of course, families still love that annoying and unrelenting idiot.

There’s a simple way to get them to leave you alone. Have them call 401-285-2079 to keep that idiot entertained for hours. While it’s a funny prank and a good laugh, the idiot will learn their lesson. 

10. The Loser Line: (206) 569-5829 

The loser line is the ultimate prank. In this case, the prankster gets to record the message themselves. Thus, when you give the fake number to the target, they’ll hear your voice on the other line telling them they’re a loser. There’s no way to go wrong with the loser line. 

11. It Could Always Suck More: 605–475–6964 

The world is full of complainers who don’t know how well they got it. Some people are really lucky but still find something to complain about. Show them how great their life is by having them call the “It Could Always Suck More” hotline at 605-475-6964. The hotline is a reality check for those constant complainers. 

12. Harvard Sentences: 858-651-5050 

Call Harvard Sentences when your boredom reaches its peak. It’s a collection of 720 sample phrases for testing telephone systems, cellular devices, and voice-over IP. The interesting samples are phonetically balanced, providing a ton of entertainment. 

13. Captain America’s Phone Number: 678 136 7092

In the classic film, Avengers: Infinity War, Tony Stark contemplates phoning his old friend Captain America. While he doesn’t get the chance to call, Cap’s number flashes across the screen, meaning everyone else can call him.

Viewers and fans could call up Captain America briefly to hear his interesting voice message. Sadly, the number is disconnected since Captain America went back in time to be with Peggy Carter. 

14. Better Call Saul: 505–503–4455 

The critically acclaimed series Better Call Saul revolved around Saul Goodman and his quest to be a better lawyer. Like any good lawyer, Saul’s number was open to everyone, even fans.

The Better Call Saul hotline gave fans a direct line to the law offices of Goodman and associates. Fans won’t get to talk to Saul, but they’ll get some interesting advice. 

15. Sex Addiction Intervention: (605)-475-6972 

If the rejection and Mary Sue rejection hotlines can’t get the job done, it’s time to pull out the big guns. The sex addiction intervention hotline is one of the funniest ways to turn someone down.

It features a funny automated message to ensure they never pester another person again. Of course, the number is only for the most extreme cases. If someone you don’t care for won’t leave you alone, give them this as a fake number. 

16. Bad Breath Hotline: (605)–475–6959 

Most of these random numbers are an excellent way to prank someone. However, this number is an easy way to tell someone a hard truth about themselves. Some people might not be aware they have bad breath.

Since telling them can be awkward for both of you, have them call the bad breath hotline at 605-475-6959. The automated message will offer the person types of dental hygiene in a fun way without being mean.

These legendary figures have been romanticized over the years, with the infamous Jesse James, Billy the Kid, and Buffalo Bill all writing themselves into history with their daring exploits that captured the imagination of a nation in search of heroes. Although they portrayed themselves as noblemen fighting against tyranny, many of these outlaws were cold-blooded murderers who killed without remorse.

Written about in local newspapers and books, the legend of these Old West outlaws continues to have an impact, with many appearing in movies and TV shows that expand on their dirty deeds or try and show them in a better light than they may have first been portrayed.

“Americans love an underdog, a person who stands up against perceived tyranny,” wrote Bill Markley in Billy the Kid and Jesse James: Outlaws of the Legendary West. “Jesse James and Billy the Kid personify that rebellious spirit. Americans overlook the crimes and see the romance of the rebel.”

The Wild West was home to a host of famous outlaws whose daring exploits captured the imagination of a nation and cemented their place in history. Through their audacious robberies, gunfights, and narrow escapes, these outlaws became the stuff of legends, embodying the romanticized image of the Wild West that continues to amaze people today.

1. Butch Cassidy

Wikimedia Commons

Many know about the outlaw Butch Cassidy thanks to George Roy Hill’s Oscar-winning movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. The eldest of 13 children, Robert LeRoy Parker ran away from home as a teenager and started working on various ranches across the mid-west. He committed his first crime in 1880 at the age of 14 when he stole a pair of jeans and a slice of pie but was acquitted. It was until some nine years later that Cassidy found himself on the wrong side of the law again, although this time his crime was much more serious.

Cassidy and three friends robbed the San Miguel Valley Bank in Telluride on June 24, 1889, making off with $21,000. Sadly for Cassidy, he didn’t get much time to spend the loot as he was arrested for stealing horses and spent 18 months behind bars.

It was around 1896 when Cassidy took on his nickname Butch Cassidy – with Butch originating from his time working as a butcher and Cassidy being the name of his mentor, Mike Cassidy – and began his life of crime. He formed the “Wild Bunch” with a group of other outlaws, including Harry Longabaugh, more commonly known as the Sundance Kid, and robbed several banks. He and his gang were also responsible for a number of high-profile train robberies, making off with $70,000 after pulling off the Rio Grande train robbery in New Mexico.

It didn’t take long for Cassidy to become a wanted man, and with the Pinkerton National Detective Agency hot on his heels, he, Sundance, and Etta Place fled to Argentina. While in South America they continued to hold up banks and rob trains and met their demise in a shootout with local authorities while in Bolivia, at least that’s what the history books say.

There are many who speculate Cassidy and Sundance lived out their lives in relative peace. As his body was never identified, we will never know what really happened to one of the most famous outlaws in American folklore.

2. Jesse James

Grunge/YouTube

Born in Clay County, Missouri, in 1847, Jesse James grew up to become one of the most infamous outlaws in American history. Raised in a Confederate-supporting family, James joined a guerrilla group known as the “bushwhackers” during the war, who were responsible for some heinous crimes. Once the war was over, James still harbored a hatred toward the Union that many historians believe pushed him towards becoming an outlaw.

Forming the James-Younger Gang with his brother Frank, James saw himself as a Robin Hood character who would steal from the rich and give to the poor. Robbing everything from banks and stagecoaches to trains, James and his gang terrorized the South West of America between 1860 and 1882, stealing a reported $200,000. While they were painted in a sympathetic light by friend and newspaper editor John Newman Edwards, James and his gang were ruthless killers who would put a bullet in anyone who got in their way.

“We are not thieves, we are bold robbers,” James wrote in a letter Edwards published. “I am proud of the name, for Alexander the Great was a bold robber, and Julius Caesar, and Napoleon Bonaparte.” While James did steal from the rich, there are no concrete reports that he gave to the poor.

James’ life of crime came to an end in 1881 when the Governor of Missouri issued a $10,000 reward for the capture of both he and his brother Frank. With much of the gang dead after shootouts with authorities, Jessie, Frank, and the Ford brothers, Charley and Robert, planned on retiring in Virginia. On April 3, 1882, at the age of 34, James was shot and killed from behind by Robert Ford, who was found guilty of murder but pardoned by the governor.

3. Wild Bill Hickok

Everett Collection/Shutterstock

Portrayed on the big screen by big names such as Luke Hemsworth, Jeff Bridges, and Charles Bronson, Wild Bill Hickok was another outlaw whose reputation has been exaggerated over the years. A spy for the Union Army, Hickok was almost killed during a bear attack at age 23. He first found fame after his duel with Davis Tutt over unpaid gambling debuts. The two faced off in Springfield’s town square in the first recorded quick-draw duel, with only Hickok walking away alive. Although he was arrested for murder, the judge let him off, beginning his storied career as an outlaw. 

He became a Deputy Marshall of Kansas and had several run-ins with the Native Americans who lived on the land, claiming to have killed several during shoot-outs without any proof. Hickok eventually achieved the rank of Marshall and killed several more men who were causing disturbances in the towns he was patrolling. His time in law enforcement came to an end after he accidentally killed Special Deputy Marshal Mike Williams during a shoot-out with Phil Cole, who he also killed.

The death of Williams haunted Hickok for the rest of his life, with the former lawman turning to gambling to fund his extravagant lifestyle. He eventually found himself in the town of Deadwood chasing gold where he met his end playing cards.

On August 1, 1876, Hickok was playing poker when a drunk man named Jack McCall joined. Losing heavily to Hickok, he felt patronized when Wild Bill offered him money to pay for his breakfast. The next day McCall returned to the saloon and shot Hickok at point-blank range in the back of the head while he was in the middle of a game. It’s reported Hickok was holding two pairs: black aces and black eights, which is now known as the “dead man’s hand.”

4. John Wesley Hardin

Wikimedia Commons

A troubled student who tried to join the Confederate army at the age of nine, John Wesley Hardin claimed to have killed 42 men during his life. “I never killed anyone who didn’t need killing,” he famously said. Credited with killing 27 men by the time he hit 21, Hardin was one of the most dangerous men in the American West.

His first killing came at the age of 15 in November of 1868 when he murdered former slave Major “Maje” Holshousen who he had beaten in a wrestling match the previous day. Knowing he wouldn’t get a fair trial, his father sent him into hiding. Not one to sit around and wait, Hardin became a fugitive of the law, traveling through Texas where he killed several more men, often over disputes involving money.

Arrested in January 1871 for the murder of city marshal Laban John Hoffman, a crime Hardin denied being involved with, the gunslinger managed to escape from his captors and went back on the run. During this period he became friends with Wild Bill Hickok, married two different women, Jane Bowen and Carolyn Jane “Callie” Lewis, and killed multiple people over various disagreements.

After almost seven years on the run and with a reward of $4,000 on his head, Hardin was arrested by Rangers on a train in Pensacola, Florida. He was found guilty of killing deputy sheriff Charles Webb and sentenced to 25 years. While he tried to escape several times, Hardin settled into prison life and wrote his autobiography, containing many elaborate tales of his adventures that were unsubstantiated. He served 17 years of his 25-year sentence and was released on February 17, 1894, at the age of 40.

Obtaining a license to practice law, it seemed as if Hardin was on the straight and narrow, but once an outlaw always an outlaw. After his prostitute girlfriend was arrested for brandishing a pistol in public, Hardin let his temper get the better of him and pistol-whipped the arresting lawman, John Selman Jr. It just so happened that his father, Constable John Selman Sr., was also a famous gunman, and wanting revenge, walked up to Hardin while he was playing cards in the Acme Saloon and shot him in the head. Selman Sr. was found not guilty by a jury and Hardin was buried in El Paso, Texas.

5. Belle Starr

Everett Collection/Shutterstock

It wasn’t just the men who ran the Wild West. Notorious outlaw Belle Starr was a convicted horse thief not to be trifled with. Nicknamed the “Bandit Queen,” Starr was another criminal raised in a Confederate family who helped out her brothers that were part of the “bushwhackers” guerrilla group. After the Civil War ended she moved to Texas and married James C. Reed, a bank robber in 1866. He was the first of three outlaws Starr would get together with. After he was killed by police in 1874, Starr married Cherokee Indian Sam Starr in 1880, and finally Jim July sometime around 1886/87.

Settling in Indian Territory with her new husband Sam, Starr learned all about the criminal life and aided Sam in his illegal endeavors. She served time for stealing horses and was arrested again not long after she was released, but this time got acquitted. Unfortunately, Sam was shot and killed during this period, leaving Starr a widow with two children.

Over the course of the next two years, there was much gossip surrounding Starr and her male acquaintances, with the Missouri-born criminal eventually tying the knot with Jim July, a relative of her former husband Sam Starr. Sadly her life came to an abrupt end on February 3, 1889, when she was shot and killed riding her horse. The violent death – she was shot with a shotgun in the back and then in the face after she had fallen to the ground – was never solved, with several different people believed to have been involved in her death.

Although she was small fry at the time of her death, Richard K. Fox’s book, Bella Starr, the Bandit Queen, or the Female Jesse James, turned Starr into a legend of the Old West whose story continues to fascinate today.

6. Billy the Kid

Wikimedia Common

The infamous outlaw Billy the Kid is one of the most recognized names from the Old West. The gunfighter, cattle rustler, and robber was believed to have killed 21 men before he himself took a bullet, dying at the age of 21 while hiding out near Fort Summer.

Born Henry McCarty and also known to use the alias William H. Bonney, Billy the Kid was orphaned at 15 and first arrested a year later for stealing food. Ten days later he attempted to rob a Chinese laundry and found himself behind bars again, but this time he managed to escape and fled to the Arizona Territory. It was here Billy the Kid made his bones as an outlaw.

After murdering a blacksmith after an argument in August 1877, the Kid crossed over into New Mexico and took up with a group of cattle rustlers known as the Lincoln County Regulators, or Regulators for short. Taking part in the Lincoln County War of 1878, the Kid killed several men and his notoriety grew as local newspapers glorified his exploits.

Sheriff Pat Garrett was the man who finally tracked down the Kid and arrested him in December 1880. Found guilty of killing Lincoln County Sheriff William J. Brady, the Kid was sentenced to hang but escaped jail again. He spent two months on the run before Garrett traced his whereabouts to a cabin near Fort Summer, gunning him down in cold blood on  July 14, 1881, and finally putting an end to the outlaw’s crime spree.

7. Buffalo Bill

Donna Beeler/Shutterstock

Born William Frederick Cody, Buffalo Bill claimed to be many things during his life. A solider with the Union Army during the Civil War, Bill also severed in several other conflicts, picking up the Medal of Honor in 1872 for “documented gallantry above and beyond the call of duty” as an Army scout in the Indian Wars.

Bill then found himself contracted to supply buffalo to the Kansas Pacific Railroad workers and was reported to have killed 4,282 buffalo in eighteen months between 1867 and 1868. That’s according to his memoir,  The Adventures of Buffalo Bill Cody, which many think contains exaggerated stories about his life. The book also alleged he got his nickname after having a buffalo shooting competition with fellow hunter Bill Comstock to decide who could call themselves “Buffalo Bill.” Obviously, Bill won, and soon word spread of his exploits.

But unlike other outlaws, the majority of Bill’s achievements were embellished by the writer Ned Buntline, who wrote an article about Bill and then released the 1869 book Buffalo Bill, King of the Bordermen. Many more novels followed, leading Bill to form a traveling show that toured North America and Europe presenting Bill as the star of many heroic tales that were all made up but presented as fact. A major player in the founding of the town of Cody, Bill lived an adventurous life, passing away at the age of 70 from kidney failure. 

8. Bill Doolin

Wikimedia Common

A member of the Wild Bunch, Bill Doolin was first part of the infamous Dalton Gang, joining in 1891 after he was forced to flee the town of Coffeyville in southeastern Kansas after being involved in a police shooting. The gang wasn’t very successful, with their biggest failure occurring when they tried to rob two banks simultaneously, with four of the gang killed, one arrested, and the sixth member, Doolin, escaping.

Dooling then formed his own gang that included the likes of outlaws Butch Cassidy, the Sundance Kid, and Oliver Yantis. The group robbed banks and trains and became the most feared group of outlaws in the Old West. The famed Three Guardsmen (lawmen Bill Tilghman, Chris Madsen, and Heck Thomas) were tasked with tracking down the Wild Bunch, pursuing them all across the American West, taking them down one by one.

While Cassidy and Sundance made their way to South America, Doolin fled to the New Mexico Territory and spent the summer of 1895 in hiding. Instead of staying there where he was safe from the law, Doolin and his wife traveled back into the American Territories, with Doolin finally meeting his match on August 24, 1896, when Deputy US Marshal Heck Thomas blew him away with a shotgun.

Embark on a captivating journey through the realms of scientific knowledge and uncover fascinating facts as you attempt to answer these science trivia questions without using your phone. It doesn’t matter if you are an avid science enthusiast or simply curious about the wonders that surround us, these questions will challenge and delight and have you wondering more about the world we live in. Get ready to unlock the secrets of the universe and unravel the mysteries that have perplexed mankind for centuries with these epic science trivia questions. 

1. Name the New Seven Wonders of the World.

The Great Wall of China, Chichén Itzá, Petra, Machu Picchu, Christ the Redeemer, Colosseum, and the Taj Mahal.

2. Diabetes develops as the result of a problem with which specific organ in the body?

Pancreas.

3. What element did Joseph Priestley discover in 1774?

Oxygen.

4. How many elements are there in the periodic table?

118.

5. The earth has three layers that are different due to varying temperatures. What are its three layers?

Crust, mantle, and core.

6. What is the hardest natural substance on Earth?

Diamond.

7. How old is the planet Earth?

An estimated 4.5 billion years old. 

8. What phenomena keep the planets in orbit around the sun?

Gravity.

9. Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of what two elements?

Copper and Tin.

10. How many colors are in the rainbow and what are they?

Seven. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

11. Which is the most abundant element in the universe?

Hydrogen.

12. Who was the first person to walk on the Moon?

Neil Armstrong.

13. What is the name of the tallest grass on Earth?

Bamboo.

14. How many bones are in the human body?

206.

15. What is the largest star in the solar system?

The Sun. 

16. The Soviet Union launched the first man-made satellite in 1957. What was it called?

Sputnik 1.

17. What is a group of white sharks known as?

A school. 

18. Does sound travel faster in the air or in water?

Water.

19. What causes a solar eclipse?

When the moon moves between the Sun and Earth, casting a shadow on Earth.

20. Which of Newton’s Laws states that “for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?”

The third law of motion.

21. Where is the largest desert in the world located?

Antarctica. 

22. What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

23. How many bones are there in a human foot?

26.

24. What is the smallest planet in the solar system?

Mercury.

25. Which oath of ethics taken by doctors is named after an Ancient Greek physician?

The Hippocratic Oath.

26. What is the largest bone in the body?

The femur. 

27. At what temperatures are Celsius and Fahrenheit equal?

-40.

28. What is the rarest blood type?

AB Negative.

29. The concept of gravity was discovered by which famous physicist?

Sir Isaac Newton.

30. Roughly how long does it take for the Sun’s light to reach Earth?

Eight minutes. 

31. What is the largest organ in the human body?

The skin.

32. Which animal can change direction in midair?

The cheetah.

33. What is it called when you make light change direction by passing it through a lens?

Refraction.

34. How long is the memory of a goldfish?

Several days. 

35. Where is the world’s most active volcano located?

Hawaii.

36. What is the largest land animal alive today?

The African elephant. 

37. Which freezes faster, hot water or cold water?

Hot water. 

38. What is the smallest bone in the body?

The stapes. 

39. Frogs belong to which animal group?

Amphibians.

40. What can sharks sense that humans cannot?

Electricity.

41. Who invented the incandescent light bulb?

Thomas Edison. 

42. How many limbs does an octopus have?

Eight. 

43. What is the heaviest organ in the human body?

The liver.

44. How many bones do sharks have?

Zero. 

45. What part of the brain deals with hearing and language?

The temporal lobe. 

46. The first Nobel Prize was awarded to who?

It was shared between Frédéric Passy and Jean Henry Dunant.

47. Dolly was the first-ever living creature to be cloned. What type of animal was she?

A sheep.

48. How many teeth does an adult have?

32.

49. What process do bats use to locate their prey?

Echolocation.

50. How many sets of wings do bees have?

Two.

51. Which is the only planet that spins clockwise?

Answer: Venus.

52. What is the biggest planet in our solar system?

Jupiter.

53. Animals that eat both plants and meat are called what?

Omnivores.

54. Which two elements on the periodic table are liquids at room temperature?

Mercury and Bromine.

55. What theory did Charles Darwin come up with?

The Theory of Evolution. 

56. Penicillin is used to fight what type of infections?

Bacteria.

57. Which planet is the hottest planet in the solar system?

Venus?

58. How many hearts does an octopus have?

Three. 

59. What is the smallest unit of matter?

An atom.

60. How many states of matter are there and what are they called?

Four. Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

61. What is the only bone in the human body that isn’t attached to another bone?

Hyoid bone.

62. Mount Everest grows how much every year?

44 millimeters. 

63. What is the medical term for bad breath?

Halitosis.

64. The study of the weather is called what?

Meteorology.

65. What metal is found at the center of the Earth?

Iron. 

66. How do scientists measure the severity of an earthquake?

They use a device known as a Richter Scale. 

67. Which famous scientist discovered black holes emit radiation that can be detected by special instrumentation?

Stephen Hawking. 

68. What are the four primary precious metals?

Gold, silver, platinum, and palladium.

69. How many continents are there in the world and what are they called?

Seven: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America, and South America.

70. What was Earth’s supercontinent called before it split apart?

Pangea. 

71. Frogs belong to which animal group?

Amphibians.

72.  What does “E” represent in E=MC2?

Energy.

73. How does fat leave your body when you lose weight?

Through your sweat, urine, and breath.

74. Who has more hair follicles, blondes, or brunettes?

Blondes.

75. What does a Geiger Counter measure?

Radiation.

76. Mycology is the scientific study of what?

Fungi.

77. How do you calculate density?

Density is mass divided by volume.

78. Olympus Mons is a large volcanic mountain on which planet?

Mars.

79. Around what percentage of animal species are invertebrates?

95%.

80. How many stars make up the Milky Way?

Approximately 200 billion. 

81. Which psychological concept did Pavlov’s dog help him describe?

Conditioning.

82. What kind of energy does the Sun create?

Nuclear energy.

83. The process of weathered material moving due to gravity is called what?

Erosion.

84. What reaction releases energy into its surroundings?

Exothermic reaction.

85. On what part of your body would you find the pinna?

The ear. 

86. Which form of energy can we see with the naked eye?

Light.

87. What is the deepest part of the ocean known as?

The Mariana Trench.

88. Botulinum toxin is commonly known as what?

Botox.

89. What animal are the closest living relative of a human?

Chimps and bonobos.

90. How many chambers make up the human heart?

Four. 

91. What is a scientist who specializes in the study of cells called?

Cytologist.

92. The first vaccine was for which disease?

Smallpox.

93. What is the largest planet in the solar system?

Jupiter. 

94. Who was the first woman in space? 

Valentina Tereshkova.

95. What flap on your windpipe helps keep out food particles?

Epiglottis.

96. The planet Earth is surrounded by different layers of gas, which when taken together, we call the…?

Atmosphere. 

97. What is the calm center part of a hurricane called?

Eye.

98. How long does a human red blood cell survive?

120 days.

99. In what country can you find the Suez Canal?

Egypt. 

100. What are the lower chambers of the human heart called?

Ventricles.

101. Do male or female seahorses give birth?

Male seahorses. 

102. What is the chemical symbol for lead?

Pb.

103. Laika was the first animal launched into space. What was she?

A dog. 

104. What scientist proposed the theory of continental drift?

Alfred Wegener.

105. An egg’s shell is what percentage of its total weight?

12%.

106. What is considered the highest mountain in Africa?

Mount Kilimanjaro.

107. A unit of electromotive force is called what?

A volt.

108. Between which two planets does the asteroid belt lie?

Jupiter and Mars.

109. What is the scientific term for peeling skin?

Desquamation.

110. In what year was Alaska sold to the United States of America?

1867.

111. What percentage of the total number of known animals are invertebrates?

95%.

112. How many bones are in a giraffe’s neck?

Seven.

113. Who first proposed the concept of contact lenses?

Leonardo da Vinci.

114. What tool is used to measure fluid volume?

Graduated cylinder.

115. Aspirin comes from the bark of what tree?

Willow.

116. What are astronauts called in China?

Taikonauts.

117. Alfred Nobel was the man behind the invention of the Nobel Peace Prize. What did he invent?

Dynamite. 

118. What did Joesph Henry incent in 1831?

The telegraph. 

119. Bright’s Disease affects what part of the body?

The kidney. 

120. What is the only planet in our solar system less dense than water?

Saturn. 

121. This medical term is used to refer to items “based on experience.”

Empiric.

122. What element is named after the Greek word for green?

Chlorine.

123. Where are the most sweat glands located in the human body?

The feet. 

124. What is a lagomorph?

A rabbit.

125. NaCI is the chemical formula of which common substance?

Salt.

126. What color has the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum?

Red. 

127. According to NASA, what mass percentage does the Sun take up in the Solar System?

99.8%.

128. Which animal has fingerprints that closely resemble a human’s fingerprints?

Koala.

129. What wind speed rate indicates that a tropical storm is turning into a hurricane?

74 mph.

130. This relationship between muscles means that one muscle assists the movement of another.

Synergistic.

131. What country experiences the most tsunamis?

Indonesia.

132. Which planet was first discovered using the telescope?

Uranus.

The intense cold temperatures preserved these objects in perfect condition.  Many of these items give scientists insight into the Earth’s past and complex history. Explorers have discovered some of the strangest and most fascinating things frozen in time, such as entire bodies and random body parts preserved in ice for centuries, decades-old bottles of alcohol, insects, airplanes, and even underwater lakes hidden beneath the ice. 

These icy realms have provided a canvas for nature’s artwork, as well as a time capsule, encapsulating fragments of history and life frozen in time. Step into this realm of frozen enchantment, and embark on a journey through the captivating things found within the icy depths

1. Grasshopper Glacier

Located in the Beartooth Mountains of Custer National Park in Montana is the famous Grasshopper Glacier. It was first discovered in the early 20th century and became world-renowned for the tens of millions of grasshoppers frozen in the glacier. While it’s receded in the last several years, Grasshopper Glacier is more than 11,000 feet above sea level and five miles long.

Many of the grasshoppers and locusts are hundreds and thousands of years old. Some are even members of an extinct species that died off 200 years ago. Most theories suggest the grasshoppers traveled in a large swarm when caught in a snowstorm, died, and became entombed in the glacier. Two other glaciers in the area contain millions of dead grasshoppers, Hopper Glacier and a second Grasshopper Glacier. 

2. Century Old Whiskey 

Explorer Ernest Shackleton was one of the key figures in the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Shackelton dreamed of being the first to reach the South Pole but lost that race to Roald Amundsen, although that didn’t stop him from exploring the icy region. One of his most heroic acts occurred after his ship, the Endurance, became stuck in the ice. He saved each crew member with bravery, quick thinking, and strong leadership. 

On another trip in 1909, Shackleton left behind three cases of scotch and two cases of brandy. He intended to enjoy the alcohol on his return. Sadly, Shackleton never got the chance, as he died of a heart attack on his return voyage to Antarctica in 1921. Almost 100 years later, in 2010, workers in the Antarctic found Shackleton’s bottles of alcohol frozen in the ice, aged to perfection. 

3. Word War I Battlefield 

Global warming began melting the glaciers near Peio in Northern Italy in the early 1990s. During World War I, the site was the location of the White War. Hundreds of soldiers died in the mountains due to avalanches and the freezing temperatures. As the snow melted, letters, diaries, photographs, newspaper clippings, and other artifacts flowed from the ice.

Eventually, the bodies of the soldiers buried beneath the ice began to appear. Archeologists discovered a cabin frozen beneath the snow containing weapons, gear, and ammo. In 2004, they found the bodies of additional soldiers on the mountainside. 

4. Ancient Bacteria and Viruses 

Permafrost lies beneath roughly 15% of the Northern Hemisphere. It’s a layer of soil, rock, and sand held into place by ancient ice. In 1999, scientists discovered ancient bacteria and viruses in the ice around Greenland that were roughly 140,000 years old.

In 2014, scientists found two 30,000-year-old giant viruses in the Siberian permafrost. There was initially some concern that birds and fish could bring the viruses into contact with humans. However, these viruses and bacteria rarely survive the thawing-out process. At this point, these ancient viruses are not a threat to humans. 

5. Lake Vostok

In the late 1950s, the Soviet Union established the Vostok Station at the Pole of Cold on Princess Elizabeth Land in Antarctica. As researchers checked the thickness of the ice, they were shocked to discover Lake Vostok 13,000 feet below the ice’s surface.

Russian scientists believe the lake was isolated roughly 15 to 25 million years ago. With the thick Antarctic ice sheet covering the lake, it remained untouched for centuries. Research on the ice and lake provided scientists with insight into the Earth’s history. Evidence also suggests the moons of Saturn and Jupiter might have similar lakes buried under ancient sheets of ice. 

6. Meteorite 

In 2021, research assistant Matthias van Ginneken was working at the Belgian Princess Elisabeth Antarctica Station when he made a shocking discovery. He discovered 13 dark black particles at the Sør Rondane Mountains, Queen Maud Land, in East Antarctica. The scientist soon realized it was pieces of a meteorite. They theorized that the meteorite was barreling toward Earth roughly 430,000 years ago and exploded in the sky above East Antarctica when it entered the atmosphere.

Earlier in 2015, NASA scientists found a small meteorite that fell to Earth 13 years earlier, landing in the icy cold Antarctica. Evidence suggests the object contained microbes from Mars. 

7. Reindeer

Climate change and global warming have revealed frozen and dead animals from decades ago. These preserved bodies give excellent insight into animals of the past and extinct species. Over 75 years ago, anthrax broke out in Western Serbia, infecting the people and the reindeer. Somehow, one of the infected reindeer became frozen in ice and snow for decades.

In 2016, global warming caused a heat wave to sweep through Serbia, thawing out the carcass of the infected reindeer. The dormant anthrax sprung to life, killing a large portion of reindeer, a young boy, and infecting the local village. It’s one of the rare times that a dormant virus reactivated after the thawing process. 

8. Ötzi the Iceman

On September 19, 1991, two German tourists discovered a frozen body in the Ötztal Alps near the Austrian and Italian border. The tourist assumed he was a recently deceased mountain climber. Better known as Ötzi the Iceman, scientists soon realized he was a natural mummy who lived between 3350 and 3105 BC.

His remains gave researchers insight into the Copper Age of Europe. The ice and snow preserved his body for thousands of years, making Ötztal Europe’s oldest natural mummy. Evidence suggests that he was a victim of murder due to the presence of several wounds and an arrowhead embedded in his shoulder. His life and the circumstances surrounding his death remain among the most significant European mysteries. 

9. A Frozen Fish in the Middle of Eating Another Fish 

The freezing of an animal, insect, or fish can happen at any moment when the temperature suddenly drops and everything begins to freeze. This is what happened when two brothers went fishing on Wawasee Lake in Indiana a few years ago after a cold snap. They made a startling, bizarre, and mysterious discovery. The two lads found a pike frozen in the ice of the lake. In most cases, a frozen fish isn’t a big deal. However, the pike died in the middle of eating a bass.

It’s an odd sight to witness, with the most probable theory suggesting the pike choked on the bass, died, and was frozen in time, the two fish entwined together forever. At first, nobody believed the two brothers on social media. Most assumed it must be a special effect or a joke, but they released graphic footage of them cutting the pike and half-eaten bass out of the ice, much to the surprise of their followers. 

10. Gamburtsev Mountain Range 

Scientists made some of the planet’s most vital discoveries in the Antarctic. The freezing temperatures, thick ice, and heavy snow hide some of the region’s most stunning sights. Roughly 50 years ago, scientists discovered the Gamburtsev Mountains hidden under a mile of ice and snow. The conditions make examining and understanding the mysterious mountain range nearly impossible.

Based on the limited evidence, the mountain peaks reach up to 10,000 feet high, covering 750 miles. In the 2000s, technology allowed scientists to look at the mountains better. They detected rocks that were billions of years old. That would put the formation of the mountains sometime around 100 to 250 million years ago. That would mean the mountain range formed during the age of the dinosaurs, which is incredible to think about. 

11. Box of Gemstones

On January 24, 1966, Air India Flight 101 crashed into Mont Blanc in France, killing 117 people, including the head of the Indian Nuclear program, Dr. Homi Bhabha. Since the crash, most of the wreckage has remained on Mount Blanc. Climbers often find remnants of the plane, including the engine, parts, and Indian newspapers from 1966.

In 2013, an anonymous mountaineer discovered a small metal box with a distinct Air India logo on the side. The climber promptly turned over the box to the local authorities. They found roughly $300,000 worth of emeralds, sapphires, and rubies inside. When they couldn’t find the box owner’s family, the local town and mountaineer split the items in 2021. 

Incredibly, throughout history, there have been several accounts of perfectly preserved bodies remaining in excellent condition. Many of these bodies are centuries old yet have managed to stay relatively intact.

From Ancient Egypt to the old west and even the Iron Age, the discovery of these mummified bodies have excited scientists and other researchers looking for answers about how the body decomposes after death. This article looks at some of the most famous preserved bodies through the ages and how they managed to stay so well maintained. 

1. Rosalia Lombardo

Learn Sicilian/YouTube

One week before her second birthday on December 6, 1920, Rosalia Lombardo died from pneumonia caused by the Spanish flu. Her father, Mario Lombardo, was devastated and grief-stricken. He approached embalmer Alfredo Salafia to preserve and place her body in the Capuchin catacombs in Palermo, Sicily. Salafia used a unique mixture to perfectly preserve the “sleeping beauty’s” body.

How the body remained intact was a mystery until 2009 when the curator of the catacombs discovered a note from Salafia. On it was scribbled the formula and ingredients he used to preserve Lombardo, with glycerin, salicylic acid, alcohol, formalin, and zinc salts all part of his embalming concoction.

The body now lays in a casket inside a hermetically sealed glass chamber with nitrogen gas to stop decomposition in the same catacombs. 

2. The Tollund Man

Wikimedia Common

On May 8, 1950, peat cutters thought they discovered the body of a recent murder victim in the Bjældskovdal peat bog in Denmark. Archeologists were quickly called in when authorities realized it was a well-preserved body from centuries ago that appeared recently deceased. The Tollund Man was likely from the 5th century and died at some point between 405 and 380 BC.

The bog body was believed to be from the Pre-Roman Iron Age in Scandinavia. Scientists also think he died by sacrificial hanging instead of a criminal execution. The lack of oxygen and cold climate combined with the acid in the peat to preserve the body until its discovery. After scientists separated the head, the body quickly deteriorated. The head with a replica body is on display at the Silkeborg Museum in Denmark. 

3. King Tutankhamun

National Geographic/YouTube

Tutankhamun, or King Tut, was the 13th pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt. He ascended to the throne at age nine, dying roughly ten years later. After his funeral, his followers encased his body in his royal tomb. The mummification process began with 15 days of purifying the body, followed by 40 days of drying and 15 days of wrapping the body with bandages, totaling 70 days.

Tutankhamun’s mummified body sat in the tomb for over 3,300 years until Egyptologist Howard Carter discovered the burial site on October 28, 1925. Two years after archaeologists discovered the grave in the Valley of the Kings, Carter found Tut’s body perfectly intact, still wearing his iconic death mask. After the initial examination, archaeologists put the body back in the tomb for display.

4. The Grauballe Man

Wikimedia Common

In the 3rd century BC, the Grauballe Man lived in a village in present-day Jutland, Denmark. At some point during the Germanic Iron Age, someone murdered the Grauballe Man by slitting his throat from ear to ear. It appears to be a sacrificial killing due to the body’s positioning. The Grabuballe Man’s body lay in the peat bog for nearly two millennia before being discovered on April 26, 1955.

It was a crucial find and vital insight into life during that time. Scientists assumed his body was around 65 years old before realizing the peat bog had preserved it for centuries. After going on display briefly, scientists worked tirelessly to preserve the entire body. The Grauballe Man was put on display at the Moesgaard Museum in Denmark where it remains today. 

5. Elmer McCurdy

Wikimedia Commons

On October 7, 1911, outlaw Elmer McCurdy went out in a blaze of glory during a gunfight in Oklahoma’s Osage Hills. After his death, his body went to the local funeral home. When nobody claimed McCurdy’s body, the undertaker used a special arsenic preservative for embalming. He then put the body on display, charging a nickel to get a glimpse of the “Bandit Who Wouldn’t Give Up.”

Five years later, a man claiming to be McCurdy’s relative conned the funeral home into giving him the corpse. For 60 years, McCurdy’s mummified corpse went on a strange journey appearing at carnivals, wax museums, and haunted houses. Somehow the body ended up as a feature of California’s Long Beach Pike amusement park funhouse. By that point, everyone assumed it was a poorly constructed mannequin.

When the hit series The Six Million Dollar Man was filming scenes at the funhouse, a crew member was shocked when they moved the “mannequin” and McCurdy’s arm broke off. In 1977, McCurdy finally got a proper funeral and burial at the Summit View Cemetery in Oklahoma. 

6. Lindow Man

Wikimedia Common

At the Lindow Moss in Cheshire, North West England, peat cutters discovered the perfectly preserved body of the Lindow Man. Jokingly known as “Pete Marsh,” they found his body in the peat bog on August 1, 1984. While it’s tough to pinpoint the exact time he was alive, archeologists believe he existed between 2 BC and 119 AD. The peat bog preserved the body so well that scientists approximate his age to be roughly 20 years old at the time of his death.

The Lindow Man also had manicured fingernails, healthy teeth, brown hair, sideburns, a trimmed beard, and a mustache. Tragically, it appears he was the victim of a ritualistic and violent death. After the brutal and violent killing, the murderers left the body in the peat bog faced down. Continued searches in the area uncovered other body parts scattered around the location, with some theorizing they may have belonged to the Lindow Man. 

7. Juanita, the Ice Maiden

Wikimedia Common

Roughly 500 years ago, a large group ascended to the summit of Mount Ampato in Peru. The Incans then performed a ritual, sacrificing a young girl to the Ampato God to prevent avalanches and supply water. Their prayers workers, as the eruption of Mount Sabancaya melted the snow and ice on the mountain, which in turn preserved the young girl for centuries. On September 8, 1995, another eruption caused more snow to melt, revealing the young girl’s nearly intact body.

Known as Juanita, “The Ice Maiden,” the ice and snow perfectly preserved her skin, hair, clothing, blood, and internal organs. She appeared to be roughly 12 to 14 years old and possibly from a noble family based on her clothing. She died from a blow to the head.

The incredible discovery and preservation of the body gave a rare glimpse into the Incan civilization and its traditions. She has since been on display in the Catholic University of Santa María’s Museum of Andean Sanctuaries.

8. Two Men From Pompeii

Voice of America/YouTube

In 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius erupted, covering the city of Pompeii under hot lava, ash, and pumice. Located near Naples, Italy, it remained buried under 20 feet of ash until its discovery in 1748. Archaeologists quickly realized the lava and ash from the eruption had preserved the entire city. One of the most famous finds was two perfectly preserved bodies in a villa just outside of Pompeii.

The two men died more than 2,000 years ago during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Based on clothing and the state of the villa, one of the men appeared enslaved to the wealthier man. It also provided a snapshot of two people enduring immense pain as they died and were buried under six feet of ash. 

9. John Torrington

Archaeosoup/YouTube

Royal Navy stoker John Torrington joined Sir John Franklin’s 1845 expedition to find the Northwest Passage and explore present-day Nunavut, Canada. Tragically, each member of the crew mysteriously died before returning home. Torrington was the first to die in early 1846, with the crew burying his body on Beechey Island in Nunavut. After a lengthy search, rescuers discovered Torrington’s grave and two others near an abandoned wooden hut.

In 1984, anthropologist Owen Beattie exhumed Torrington’s body to get to the bottom of his and the crew’s mysterious death. He was amazed to find Torrington’s body in excellent shape, similar to its appearance at the time of his death. The perfect preservation allowed Beattie and his team to examine the mummified body, discovering lead poisoning and pneumonia to be the cause of his demise. Beattie theorized that the crew became ill due to lead poisoning from the soup cans they were feasting on during the trip. 

10. Vladamir Lenin

Hanisah Rahman/YouTube

The controversial and polarizing Vladamir Lenin was the founder and first leader of the Soviet Union. The commander of the communist movement played a vital role in the October Revolution and divides opinion among historians.

On January 21, 1924, Lenin died due to several complications after falling into a coma. Despite the severely cold weather, thousands of Russians attended his funeral. Against the wishes of his widow, Nadezhda Krupskaya, the government embalmed Lenin’s body for long-term display.

Since 1924, his body has been in Lenin’s Mausoleum in Red Square in Moscow. The Soviet government, and now the Russian government, dedicates painstaking effort and funds to preserve Lenin’s body to this day, which is still on display in Red Square. Since 2018, there have been discussions about burying Lenin’s body by 2024 and replacing it with a rubber statute in Lenin’s Mausoleum.

While there is nothing inherently wrong with swearing, it isn’t always necessary in your daily conversation. If you are talking to your work colleagues about what you did on the weekend or sharing a story about children, you probably don’t need every second word to be fuck or shit. But if you truly feel the need to swear, the good news is there are plenty of great substitute words you can use to express your frustration, anger, or surprise without using offensive language. These less provocative words still allow you to still get your point across, just without offending anyone.

Below are some of the most common swear words and great examples of substitute words, along with a list of other words and phrases you can say instead of swearing. Hopefully, you can insert these words into your conversations and save any embarrassing moments where swearing might get you in trouble.

Alternative Expressions To Say Instead of Fuck

MaryValery/Shutterstock

Fuck is up there as one of the most common swear words regularly said by people. It’s believed the word didn’t originate until sometime in the 15th century and was first used by the Germans or the Dutch. Since then it’s become one of the most popular words in the English dictionary, with the Merriam-Webster dictionary defining the word as “to engage in coitus.”

These days the word fuck is heard in movies and TV shows, used in books and magazine articles, and part of everyday conversations. There are several ways it can be used, from talking about sexual intercourse to being used as a cuss word to call somebody out. It may be one of the most widely used curse words in the English language, but not everybody is a fan, which is why we’ve come up with some great alternatives.

Instead of dropping the four letter word, why not say “fudge,” “frick,” or “flipping.” For example, if someone has done something to annoy you, instead of saying “You’re fucking out of line mate,” why not try “You’re flipping out of line mate,” or “You’re fricking out of line mate.” It’s a subtle difference but one that gives your words less of an edge. You can even use the abbreviation “WTF” instead of saying the words “What the fuck.”

Alternative Expressions To Say Instead of Shit

Fida Olga/Shutterstock

Shit is another swear word that only came into existence a few hundred years ago around the turn of the 16th century. It appears to have been a taboo word as it was rarely used in publications, with not even the great William Shakespeare using the word in his prose, and he was a man who loved an insult as much as the next person.

Similar to the word fuck, there are many different ways to use the word, but they can all be seen as offensive. When it comes to alternatives, the easiest is crap, which is like a soft version of shit. Then there are other similar sounding words that also work, such as “shivers,” “shoot,” “darn,” “crud,” “damn,” and “dang.”

An example of using one of these words instead of shit would be saying something like “He had a cruddy game” instead of “He had a shit game.” Sure, it might not be as explosive but at least you won’t offend anyone nearby with sensitive ears.

Alternative Expressions To Say Instead of Bitch

file404/Shutterstock

Some of you probably don’t think “bitch” to be a swear word, but considering how its meaning has shifted over the centuries, we think it’s worth a shout. Originally a term that described a female dog, the word was first recorded during the 14th century, although it’s believed to have been used for centuries prior. With links to Hindu and German languages, it wasn’t until the 1500s that the meaning of the word changed, with bitch being used to describe a sexually liberated woman. The meaning changed again in the 1900s when bitch became a word used to describe an annoying woman.

The word went mainstream in the 80s when rappers began using it as a derogatory term for women. There was a slight shift in the late 90s and 00s when the word evolved aging, with people using it as an endearing term, or when Britney Spears used it as a way to announce her return with the phrase “It’s Britney Bitch!” Women have even tried to reclaim the word, although with varying degrees of success. The Vice article “The Evolution of the Bitch” gives a great rundown of the word’s history if you want to find out more.

At the end of the day, bitch is still a misogynistic word that really has no place in the English language, although that doesn’t stop people from using it. When it comes to alternatives, many of the words are just as offensive. Your best bet is just to stop saying bitch, or if you really feel the need, instead of saying something like “Suzy is a real bitch,” try “Suzy is a real savage” or “Suzy is a real rogue.” Another common phrase is “Son of a bitch,” which can be easily changed to “Son of a gun.”Sure, it doesn’t have the immediate impact of the word bitch, but at least it’s user-friendly.

Alternative Expressions To Say Instead of Cunt

Tero Vesalainen/Shutterstock

Of all the swear words in the dictionary, cunt is by far the most offensive. A word used to describe a woman’s vagina, the word is vulgar and nasty and not one you probably use on a daily basis. Despite all this, the word cunt has been part of the English language since the 1200s, when it appeared as part of the street name “Gropecunte Lane” in London’s red light district.

While some say it comes from the Latin word cunnus, meaning “sword sheath,” there are those who say cunt is another word that originated from the Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Wherever it comes from, the word is extremely rude but one that people love to say due to its taboo nature. There is really no need to ever use this word, as there are multiple options that can be said. “Vagina” is the most obvious and probably the only other word that doesn’t sound creepy. You can use words like “pussy,” “twat,” “snatch,” or “slit,” but let’s be honest, they all sound rather crude. Your best bet is not to use the word at all, and if you really need to mention a women’s nether region, just call it a vagina like an adult.

Clean Ways to Vent Your Frustration

BearFotos/Shutterstock

Now that we’ve looked at some of the most used swear words and their similar alternatives, here is a wide range of words and phrases you can use for any and all bad words. These are words and phrases you can say around children without fear of them learning a new swear word or drop into conversation when speaking with your religious neighbors and not having to worry about them getting offended.

1. Sugar
2. Jeez
3. Holy smokes
4. William Shatner
5. Cheese and crackers
6. Poo
7. Sea monkey
8. Darnit
9. Six and two is eight
10. Flaming hell
11. Balderdash
12. Loggerhead
13. Feck
14. Shoot
15. Jimmy Crickets
16. Snickerdoodle
17. Dagnabbit
18. Snap
19. Barnacle
20. Merlin’s beard
21. Frag
22. Bubble face
23. Idiot
24. Mac and Cheese
25. Crud
26. Fiddlesticks
27. Son of a gun
28. Dagnabbit
29. Fudge
30. Shucks
31. Gee willikers
32. D’oh
33. Frick
34. Holy cow
35. Judas Priest
36. Bullspit
37. Shiver me timbers
38. Great Scott
39. Son of a motherless goat
40. Jumpin’ Jiminy
41. Flipping hell
42. Sufferin’ succotash
43. Good night
44. Fraggle Rock
45. Shut the front door
46. Egad
47. Tarter sauce
48. Gadzooks
49. Schnikes
50. Honey sticks
51. Barbra Streisand
52. Gee whizz
53. Jerkwad
54. Son of a drunken cow
55. Jeepers
56. Son of a bucket
57. Gosh darn it
58. Drat
59. Wowser
60. Oh, ship
61. Suffering succotash
62. Crikey
63. Fart knocker
64. I don’t give a Donald Duck
65. Blimey
66. Go lick a frog
67. Malarkey
68. Fork me
69. Galloping gremlins
70. Mothersmucker
71. Corn nuts
72. Holy guacamole
73. Ay, caramba
74. Richard
75. Buzz off
76. Poo on a stick
77. Dillweed
78. Bogus
79. Leapin’ lizards
80. Son of a biscuit
81. For Pete’s sake
82. Mother of pearl
83. Shucks
84. Fish paste
85. Golly gee
86. Pluck it
87. For coughs and cold
88. Yuck fou
89. Frozen yogurt
90. Mother flunker
91. I don’t give a flying flop
92. Geez Louise
93. Damnit
94. Son of a nutcracker
95. Freaking dunderhead
96. Jessie James
97. Cow paddy
98. Dingdong
99. Carnage
100. Holy sans
101. Fruit loops
102. Son of an overgrown flower
103. Kiss my caboose
104. Fool
105. Dish licker
106. Fudding hell
107. Maggie May
108. Sugar honey ice tea
109. For the love of money
110. Hells Bells
111. Rubbish
112. What the heck
113. Sugar dumplings
114. Holy smoke
115. Get a grip
116. See you next Tuesday
117. Holy coffee
118. Christopher Columbus
119. Pinhead
120. Mother trucker
121. What the French toast
122. Pickles
123. Good gravy

There are many reasons why children may go missing, including abduction, running away from home, getting lost, or being victims of human trafficking. When a child goes missing, it is important to act quickly to try and locate them, as time is of the essence.

In recent years, there have been many high-profile missing children cases that have garnered national attention. These cases have highlighted the need for improved child protection measures, and for the public to be vigilant and report any suspicious activity that may lead to the safe recovery of a missing child.

1. The Disappearance of Asha Degree

On February 14, 2000, nine-year-old Asha Degree woke up early in the morning. She packed her bookbag and left home between 3:45 and 4:15 am. Despite a heavy rainstorm, she walked along Highway 18 in Shelby, North Carolina. Several cars noticed her walking down the highway at the odd time. One of the cars stopped to check on her, but Asha took off running into the woods. Nobody has seen Asha since that moment.

The circumstances and events leading up to the disappearance make the case all the more baffling. Her parents discovered her missing in the morning and quickly organized a search party. Her packed bookbag and a few other items surfaced a year later. A billboard now sits at the site of her last known sighting, with authorities no closer to finding out what happened to Degree. 

2. The Disappearance of Kyron Horman

The disappearance of seven-year-old Kyron Horman is still one of the most puzzling mysteries to have occurred in Portland, Oregon. On June 4, 2010, Kyron attended a science fair in the morning at Skyline Elementary. His stepmother, Terri, stayed with him in the morning and left around 8:45 am when Kyron headed to class. Mysteriously, Kyron never made it to his first class.

Terri and Kyron’s father, Kaine, discovered Kyron was missing when he didn’t board the bus at the end of the day. Suspicion fell on Terri after a landscaper claimed Terri tried to hire him to kill Kaine. Terri failed two polygraph tests, only adding to the doubt surrounding her innocence.

Law enforcement also suspected Terri’s close friend, DeDe Spicer, who disappeared from her gardening job for an hour the day of Kyron’s disappearance. Kaine ended up divorcing Terri, who later appeared on Dr. Phil to profess her innocence. The case remains ongoing.

3. The Disappearance of Rilya Wilson 

Four-year-old Rilya Wilson vanished from her caretaker’s home on January 18, 2001. Despite placing Wilson with her alleged godmother, Geralyn Graham, the Florida Department of Children and Families, or DCF, was unaware she had been missing for two years. The DCF placed Wilson in Graham’s care because of her mother’s cocaine addiction. Investigators soon discovered Graham beat Wilson, often putting her in a dog cage as punishment.

After Wilson’s disappearance, Graham continued to cash state checks for Wilson’s care before the DCF realized she was missing. The DCF became central to the investigation due to high levels of mismanagement and negligence. During the trial in 2005, three inmates testified that Graham admitted to killing Wilson. The jury convicted Graham of abduction and abuse, but not murder and she received 55 years in prison. Wilson’s body was never found. 

4. The Kidnapping and Murder of Adam Walsh 

On July 27, 1981, six-year-old Adam Walsh accompanied his mother, Revé Drew, to the Sears store inside Hollywood Mall. She left him at an Atari kiosk, but Adam was gone when she returned. Drew frantically searched the mall, eventually phoning the police when Adam failed to answer several pages. Sadly, two weeks later, authorities discovered Adam’s head in a drainage canal in Florida.

Adam’s father, John Walsh, criticized the police’s response to the kidnapping and murder. Convicted serial killer Otis Toole admitted to the crime, but authorities never charged him due to lost evidence and Toole recanting his confession. John became an advocate for missing children, hosting America’s Most Wanted and In Pursuit with John Walsh.

The case also led to changes in the law, such as Congress passing the Missing Children’s Assistance Act. It also led to the creation of the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. Toole died in prison in 1996 without providing fresh evidence. In 2008, investigators closed the case, satisfied that Toole had committed the crime. 

5. The Disappearance of Etan Patz

Six-year-old Etan Patz disappeared on May 25, 1979, on his way to his school bus stop in New York City. His disappearance became a significant story leading to changes in the law and launching the missing children movement. In the early 1980s, Patz became one of the first children featured in the milk carton campaign that put photos of missing children on milk cartons.

In 1983, then-President Ronald Regan established the anniversary of Patz’s disappearance as National Missing Children’s Day. In 2012, Pedro Hernandez confessed to abducting and killing Patz. Law enforcement corroborated his story by speaking with his family and Hernandez received 25 years to life in prison for his crime. 

6. The Disappearance of Amber Hagerman 

The disappearance of nine-year-old Amber Hagerman remains unsolved, baffling local law enforcement. An unidentified person abducted Amber from a parking lot in Arlington, Texas, on January 15, 1996. Amber’s parents acted quickly, informing the news media and the FBI. They also organized a search with neighbors. Four days later, a man discovered Amber’s body at a complex near a parking lot.

Amber’s parents helped pass several laws in Texas to help find missing children. Most notably, they created the Amber Alert System, named after their daughter. It sends out an alert to the public when a child is missing to spread awareness. Her case remains unsolved. 

7. The Kidnapping of Steven Stayner and Timothy White 

On December 4, 1972, child molester Kenneth Parnell kidnapped seven-year-old Steven Stayner on his way home from school. He held him captive at his home, repeatedly abusing the young boy. Roughly seven years later, Parrnell kidnapped five-year-old Timothy White on February 14, 1980. Incredibly the two managed to escape while Parnell was at work and made their way to the nearest police station, later reuniting with their parents.

Stayner had a tough time adjusting to life but eventually married and had two kids. He died in 1989 after suffering severe injuries in an accident. Close to 500 people attended the funeral, with White serving as a pallbearer. In the 80s, Parnell avoided prison thanks to a loophole but went to jail in 2004 and eventually died. White joined the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Office but sadly passed away from natural causes. Five months later, a statue of Stayner and Timothy escaping went up in Applegate Park in Merced as a tribute to the two brave souls. 

8. The Disappearance of Cherrie Mahan 

In Winfield Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania, eight-year-old Cherrie Mahan exited her school bus on February 22, 1985. Mahan waved bye to her friends at the foot of her driveway. She walked past a green van and began to walk 150 yards toward her house. Mahan never made it to the front door. Law enforcement launched an exhaustive search but failed to discover any leads. Mahan’s disappearance has baffled investigators for decades. They looked into family members, including Mahan’s biological father, but found no suspects.

The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children featured Mahan as the first missing child on postcards across the country. The case remains open and is one of the most infamous missing children cases. Her mother, Janice Mahan, continues to search for answers regarding her daughter’s whereabouts. Each year, the Mahan family holds an event on the anniversary of her disappearance, sharing stories about Mahan and holding out hope that she will one day come home. 

9. The Kidnapping of Elisabeth Fritzl 

A few months after Elizabeth Fritzl turned 18, she was abducted and held captive for 24 years in a secret cell. For Elisabeth, it wasn’t a stranger or drifter that kidnapped her: it was her own father, Josef Fritzl. Elisabeth lived in Amstetten, Lower Austria, with her parents and siblings. Her father began sexually assaulting her when she turned 11.

On August 28, 1984, Josef lured Elisabeth into the family basement, locking her in a secret room. A month later, her mother filed a missing person’s report, but her father had a note from Elisabeth claiming she ran away. For over two decades, Josef repeatedly abused and raped Elisabeth, who gave birth to seven children. Three of the kids remained imprisoned with Elisabeth, while Josef and his wife raised the other three as supposed orphans. One child died shortly after birth.

In April 2008, Josef brought one of the kids to the hospital when she began suffering health problems. Josef’s story raised suspicion from the doctors and nurses and soon authorities uncovered the truth, arresting Josef and setting Elisabeth and her kids free. Josef is currently serving a life sentence. 

10. The Kidnapping of Jaycee Dugard 

As 11-year-old Jaycee Dugard walked to her school bus stop in Meyers, California, convicted sex offender Phillip Garrido snatched her off the streets. Dugard disappeared on June 10, 1991, sparking an exhaustive search for the young girl. Despite an abundance of witnesses, investigators failed to uncover any leads. Garrido and his wife held Dugard captive in their home and backyard for 18 years. During that time, Garrido raped and assaulted Dugard repeatedly. Law enforcement arrived at the house multiple times but failed to conduct an adequate search. Dugard gave birth to two daughters while held in captivity.

In 2009, Garrido believed he was cured and wanted to spread his message. He arrived with the two daughters at the University of California, Berkeley. He tried to book a room for an event, but his erratic behavior caused suspicion. Eventually, law enforcement interviewed Dugard and the two girls separately from Garrido. Dugard finally spoke the truth, leading to Garrido’s conviction and 431-year sentence. Dugard and her daughters reunited with her family, suing California for $20 million for their failure to supervise a known sex offender. 

11. The Disappearance of Ayla Reynolds 

On December 16, 2011, one-year-old Ayla Reynolds disappeared from her bed at night. Her father, Justin DiPietro, discovered her missing the following day when he went to check on her. It set off one of the most extensive searches in the history of Maine and a significant criminal investigation. DiPietro teamed with the Laura Recovery Center to help spread awareness of Ayla’s disappearance.

According to law enforcement, DiPietro, his girlfriend, and his sister were in the house at the time of the disappearance. The Department of Human Services placed Ayla in her father’s care as her mother, Trista Reynolds, entered rehab to deal with heroin addiction. Investigators soon discovered a large amount of Ayla’s blood in DiPietro’s home. Law enforcement and Trista believe DiPietro is either the prime suspect or at least withholding information. Trista filed a wrongful death lawsuit against DiPietro, which is ongoing. 

What Is a Subculture?

Subcultures are social groups that are beneath the dominant culture. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary describes subculture as “an ethnic, regional, economic, or social group exhibiting characteristic patterns of behavior sufficient to distinguish it from others within an embracing culture or society.”

The individuals in these social groups have similar views and lifestyles. Some subcultures have a strict dress code that each individual follows, while other subcultures have no dress code, emphasizing fashion and individuality while maintaining the characteristics of the group. 

Where Do They Come From?

Subcultures form when the dominant culture doesn’t satisfy the interests or demands of specific individuals. Subculture members participate in activities or lifestyles that fulfill their needs and interests through shared experiences relating to their individuality. 

Membership

Subculture membership varies from group to group. Many groups have no strict rules and depend on the individual. Some people relate to the subculture but don’t wholly invest in one group. Others might have associations with members of the same group or borrow fashion ideas from different groups. Other groups, such as the Amish or street gangs, have a clear set of rules that each member adheres to. They wear similar clothing and rarely differentiate from the subculture. 

Subculture and Pop Culture

Unlike subculture, pop culture is the dominant group in society that appeals to the larger group. In the 90s, sitcoms like Friends and Seinfeld were cultural phenomenons that impacted how the dominant group acted, talked, and dressed. This is a great example of pop culture and how it differs from subculture. 

Subculture vs. Counterculture

Counterculture is different from subculture in that it’s in direct opposition to the dominant culture. Counterculture groups provide alternate ways of life to the larger group while pushing for social change.

Subculture and counterculture share one main similarity: they challenge the norms of society, including political ideology, ideas of youth, social class, femininity, and masculinity. The dominant group is skeptical of subcultures and countercultures which often leads to a moral panic and lots of fuss over nothing. 

Ethnic Subculture Groups

An ethnic subculture is a group within a specific minority group. For example, Reggae and dancehall are Caribbean subcultures popular with Caribbean people. However, artists like Bob Marley, Beanie Man, and Sean Paul helped popularize the music around the globe. Another example is the Indian subculture of Bollywood. Bollywood is even famous outside of India in countries like Canada and the United States, which watch and produce Bollywood movies.

20 Examples of Subcultures

There are many different subcultures in different parts of the world. They often gain members in various countries and continents. Here is a look at 20 of the most popular. 

1. Hippies

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In the mid-1960s and early 70s, hippies emerged as one of the most influential countercultures of the 20th century. In the United States, hippies’ roots derived from the youth subculture of the 1960s. Members of the group believed in socialism and free love and strongly opposed the Vietnam War. This subculture was also known for instigating the sexual revolution and its admiration of psychedelic music and art. The movement reached its pinnacle during the Summer of Love in 1969. By the mid-70s, the movement began to fade but had a lasting impact. 

2. Hip-Hop

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The hip-hop subculture originated at block parties in the Bronx, New York City, in the mid-1970s. It began as a platform for disenfranchised youth from Black, Caribbean, and Latino American cultures to express themselves. The youth would address the hardships, poverty, racism, police brutality, and social, political, and economic difficulties they encountered.

Jamaican immigrants and African-Americans influenced the style, with artists such as DJ Kool Herc and Grandmaster Flash being pioneers of hip-hop in the late 70s and early 80s. The period from 1987 to 1996 is considered the Golden Age of hip-hop, which saw the emergence of iconic artists, including Tupac Shakur, Notorious B.I.G., Nas, Public Enemy, and the N.W.A. 

3. Hipsters

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Hipsters are easily recognizable by their skinny jeans, big glasses, twirled mustaches, and full beards. It’s hard to miss their unique and ironic fashion sense as they tour the city on their bicycle or unicycle. This subculture first appeared in the 1940s but made a comeback in the 21st century.

Despite being counterculture, the fashion style went mainstream in the 2010s. Hipsters often receive criticism for embracing conformity, although they believe they are unique in their way of life. In the hipster subculture, the term “hipster” is considered offensive and not something they want to be labeled. 

4. Punk

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In the 1970s, punk rock exploded onto the scene, becoming one of the most noteworthy youth musical subcultures. While the original wave of punk rock only lasted a few years, it had a substantial impact on society. It’s a complex subculture that influenced other subcultures. Emerging in the 20th century in the United States and the United Kingdom, punk rockers rejected mainstream culture, principles, art, politics, and lifestyle.

They were often anti-corporate and had a strict code about selling out to major music labels. They also had a unique style, favoring Dr. Martens’s boots, colorful mohawks, and leather jackets. Early pioneers were The Ramones, Sex Pistols, and The Clash. The groundbreaking subculture influenced modern bands like Green Day and Blink 182. 

5. Hackers

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The creation of the Internet and social media gave rise to the subculture of hackers. Hackers have a knack for gaining entry into the darkest corners of the web to uncover repressed online data. Some hackers collect data through illegal channels, while others work for the government or companies to test security software. Hackers usually work together in hackathons to develop ways to break into networks. 

6. Goths

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The gothic music subculture arose from punk rock in the United Kingdom. In the 1980s, bands like Joy Division adopted post-punk gothic rock. People who are part of this subculture often have an androgynous fashion sense and wear pale face blush, black nail polish, dark eyeliner, and all-black clothing. 

7. The Beat Generation

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In the 1950s, the Beat Generation began to develop and quickly influenced music and pop culture. The literary movement had a profound impact throughout the 20th century and beyond. Known as Beatniks, poets, and writers such as Allan Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac introduced the free-flowing style in their books Howl and On The Road, respectively.

These authors often dealt with themes of existentialism, examining human existence and its purpose. They also expressed empathy for communism, setting off a moral panic. The term Beatnik combines the “Beat Generation” and the Soviet Union satellite, Sputnik.

8. Mods

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Stanley Cohen created the idea of “moral panic” after the violent brawls between the rockers and Mods in the UK. In the 1950s and 60s, the British subculture, Mods, was known for riding around on Vespa scooters in their tailor-made suits. Their name comes from the fact that modern jazz was at the center of the subculture. The mod and rocker riots in the 60s caused an excessive fear of the rival youth subcultures. Eventually, the working class group of mods broke off to form a new subculture, the skinheads, which developed into a neo-Nazi subculture that everybody can agree sucks. 

9. Cosplayers

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Every year at Comic Con, comic book geeks, and sci-fi nerds come to the event dressed as their favorite superheroes, movie character, or cartoon. Better known as cosplayers, the name of the subculture comes from the phrase “costume play.” People from around the world travel to Comic Con and similar events to cosplay in funny, cool, and sexy costumes and hang with like-minded people.  

10. Skinheads

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In the 1960s, the working-class mod members left to form their own subculture, skinheads. They began in opposition to mods and hippies. They strongly disagreed with the concept of free love and middle-class values.

skinheads initially united various social groups around reggae, ska, and R&B music. But as they got more popular, a group of skinheads split to create far-right neo-Nazi groups. Several skinheads oppose the idea of a far-right neo-Nazi group representing them, leading to clashes between various skinhead subcultures.

11. Surf Culture

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Surf culture is synonymous with a laid-back vibe and chilled-out beach music. It slowly gained popularity throughout the 20th century but exploded in Southern California in the 1960s. The love of surfing and the sun spread to Australia and Hawaii. Surfers are known for being territorial, claiming their local surf breaks as their own. Surf culture also has its own subcultures that include ocean environmentalism and big wave surfers. 

12. Ski Bums

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The ski bums subculture is similar to the surf culture. In fact, they often overlap between the winter and summer seasons. It has a similar relaxed and chilled vibe as surf culture. It’s very popular in the North American Rockies and the Alps in Europe. The subculture is famous for its distinctive jargon and fashion sense. While many ski bums surf in the summer, a subset follows the snow from the Northern to Southern hemispheres and back. 

13. Grunge

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In the late 1980s and early 90s, bands like Pearl Jam and the Stone Temple Pilots helped usher in the subculture known as grunge. However, the undisputed leaders of the grunge movement were the iconic Kurt Cobain and his band Nirvana.

With the birth of grunge in Seattle, Nirvana brought the Seattle Sound to a larger audience. Music critics and historians regard Nirvana’s “Smells Like Teen Spirit” as the ultimate grunge anthem, capturing the mood of the movement. 

14. LGBTQI 

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In the last several years, the LGBTQI subculture has gained widespread acceptance. They still have obstacles to overcome, but recent laws ensured recognition and legitimacy. There are various subcultures in the group, including a political organization that fights for the rights of the group. Furthermore, they have the famous Rainbow flag that represents the subculture. Within the subculture, numerous subsets also have a distinctive flag representing the group. 

15. K-Pop

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Korean pop is a subculture popular among the Korean youth that has spread around the world. Better known as K-Pop, it utilizes hip-hop and lively pop music to create chart-topping hits. The fashion sense combines hip-hop styles, streetwear, and bandanas to create a mesmerizing spectacle. One of the most popular K-Pop songs, “Gangnam Style,” became a viral hit in 2012, while the all-girl group BLACKPINK solidified their popularity with headlining sets at Coachella 2023. 

16. Steampunk

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Steampunk combines the primitive Victorian industrial era steam-powered machinery and gear with futuristic technology and science fiction. With retro-futuristic themes, steampunk has dramatically influenced literature, fashion, art, and film.

The movies Wild Wild West, The Golden Compass, and The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen all have a heavy steampunk influence. Steampunk is also related to cosplay, as many Steampunk fans dress up as their favorite characters for Comic Con.

17. Emos

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Emos are known for wearing gauge earrings, skinny jeans, all-black clothing, and dyed hair that gently hangs over their face. In the 2000s, the gloomy and moody emo subculture appeared on the music scene. Also known as emotional music, emo bands such as Weezer, Simple Plan, The Used, Dashboard Confessional, My Chemical Romance, and Jimmy Eat World took inspiration from gothic rock and pop punk to create the emo sound that still resonates today. 

18. Graffiti Artists

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Graffiti artists convert building walls, train carriages, and sidewalks into incredible le pieces of art. The subculture encompasses a large group of people who all have different motivations. The graffiti includes everything from breathtaking art with a message to something as simple as a tag. It’s also an act of rebellion, notably with political graffiti. Some graffiti artists are gang members who leave their calling card or claim territory with their tags. Once frowned upon, governments and councils now commission graffiti art, showing how far this subculture has come. 

19. Drum and Bass

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Influenced by Jamaican dub and reggae, drum and bass music became immensely popular in the 1990s. It uses electronic music with heavy bass and rapid beats. The subculture quickly grew in popularity across Europe and helped pave the way for modern electronic music, influencing house music and EDM.

20. Skaters

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Rolling into the 20th century, skaters are a subculture who all share one common similarity: they love skateboarding. In the 1980s, it became even more popular, setting off the skateboarder craze. There are two main styles in the subculture. Tony Hawk popularized vert skating, commonly done in empty pools, while the other style finds street skaters performing tricks in public areas and on the street. 

The base of a pyramid is usually a polygon shape, while the exterior is a triangular shape that meets at the top. They vary in design depending on the time and region. Pyramids can be found across the globe in different countries, including Egypt, Mexico, and Italy.

In Egypt, they serve as tombs for great rulers, while in Mexico, they act as a tribute to various deities. Since many Pyramids have been around for thousands of years, they give archeologists great insight into ancient civilizations and their society, art, and population. Below are some of the oldest and most visited pyramids from around the world that are worth checking out. 

1. Great Pyramid of Giza

For over 4,000 years, the Great Pyramid of Giza has stood in Giza, Egypt. It’s the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and the largest Egyptian pyramid. Archeologists attribute the pyramid to the Fourth Dynasty pharaoh Khufu. It took roughly 27 years to build during the 26th century BC and contains the tomb of Khufu and several chambers, such as the Queen’s Chamber, The Big Void, and the King’s Chamber.

The Pyramid consists of 2.3 million blocks of local limestone from the Giza Plateau, granite blocks from Aswan, and white limestone from Tura brought in by boat on the Nile. Bound by mortar, the 6 million tons of stone create the Great Pyramid of Giza. For 3,800 years, it was the tallest structure in the world. It’s one of the most famous pyramids in Egypt and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

2. Nubian Pyramids

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Located in the Nubia region of the Nile Valley, what is now known as modern-day Sudan, the Nubian pyramids mimic the Egyptian pyramids that sprang up during the New Kingdom. The Nubian pyramids belonged to the rulers of the ancient Kushnite kingdoms. Each kingdom designated a different city as its capital, including Kerma, Napata, and Meroë.

The various kingdoms constructed stunning pyramids in each location, with many still standing. Some pyramids feature tombs for specific kings and queens, while a pyramid in Napata features 52 kings and queens. The pyramids consist of granite and sandstone bound together by mud bricks, plaster, and stone.

The largest of the pyramids sits in Meroë and is attributed to the Nubian queen Amanishakheto. In the 1830s, treasure hunter Giuseppe Ferlini sadly demolished 40 pyramids looking for loot, with the remaining pyramids and ruins now classified as UNESCO World Heritage sites. 

3. The Pyramid of the Niches

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One of the most famous pyramids in the world, the Pyramid of the Niches stands in the pre-Columbian archeological site, El Tajín, in Mexico. El Tajín thrived from AD 600 to 1200, becoming an important city during the Classic era of Mesoamerica. The famous World Heritage site features several monuments, notably the Pyramid of the Niches.

The pyramid is renowned for its unique design and managed to stay largely intact over the centuries. It is made from precisely cut flagstones that fit perfectly together to reduce the use of mud and lime mortar. Also known as the Temple of Seven Stories, it features seven levels with various sculptures and decorations inside. Beneath the sacred pyramid are a series of caves with springs considered passageways to the underworld. 

4. Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor

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In the early 1900s, the famous Chinese pyramids gained widespread fame. They retain the pyramidal shape but differ significantly from traditional Egyptian or Mexican pyramids. Many of these structures are burial mounds or mausoleums for early emperors of China. One of the country’s most famous pyramids is the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor.

Construction began in 246 BC and lasted 38 years, ending in 208 BC. The massive tomb-like city sits beneath a pyramid-shaped mound. The tomb itself divides into an outer and inner city. At the core of the mausoleum is the tomb of the famed First Qin Emperor Qin Shi Huang. The pyramid comprises rare artifacts, paintings, gold, and the Terracotta Army. Archeologists have evacuated much of the site, except the Emperor’s tomb, and tourists are able to visit the site and view parts of the incredible historical find. 

5. The Pyramid of Cestius

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Located in Rome is the famous ancient Pyramid of Cestius. The Roman era pyramid is one of the best-maintained ancient Roman landmarks. The pyramid serves as a tomb for Gaius Cestius, a member of the Epulones religious corporation. Construction lasted from 18 BC to 12 BC, during a time when Egyptian culture was influencing Rome. It takes inspiration from the Pyramids of Nubia with its distinct shape.

Historians suspect Gaius saw the pyramids when he participated in a campaign in Nubia and decided he wanted to be buried in one. The exterior consists of white marble slabs covering brick-faced concrete. The pyramid’s interior features Gaius Cestius’ tomb, surrounded by water paintings and the base of two bronze statues. 

6. Transamerica Pyramid

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The modern Transamerica Pyramid is one of the tallest buildings in San Francisco, California. The structure is a four-sided pyramid with wings for a stairwell, smoke tower, and elevator shaft. Construction began in 1969 and finished in 1972, with the Transamerica Pyramid becoming the tallest building in the San Francisco skyline at the time. The 212-foot building features 48 floors and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city.

7. Bent Pyramid

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40 kilometers south of Cairo is the famed Bent Pyramid. The ancient Egyptian pyramid is part of the royal necropolis of Dahshur. The Bent Pyramid is an early example of a pyramid, marking the transition from step-sided pyramids to the more popular and stable smooth-sided pyramids. Archeologists believe it was the second pyramid built by Pharaoh Sneferu around 2600 BC. The pyramid’s unique name comes from its unusual bent-shaped design. Constructed during the Old Kingdom, it has a 54-degree angle tilt rising from the desert.

Unlike the pyramids that followed, the top has a 43-degree angle, giving it its bent appearance. Evidence suggests the pyramid was unstable during construction due to the initial steep tilt. It was in danger of collapsing, forcing the builders to employ the shallower angle. The Pharaoh appeared to learn from the near disaster since subsequent pyramids went up at a 43-degree angle from the base instead of the top. Plus, the original limestone casing remains untouched or altered. The pyramid opened to the public in 1956, featuring a massive tunnel leading to two 4600-year-old chambers.

8. La Danta Pyramid

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Located in El Petén, Guatemala, El Mirador was a Maya settlement from pre-Columbian in 1000 BC to the Middle and Late Preclassic era in AD 250. The colony thrived from the 6th century BC, peaking in the 3rd century BC. Around the AD 1st century, the Mayans abandoned the settlement before returning during the Late Classic period.

At the heart of the complex is the monumental temple known as La Danta. It is roughly 236 feet tall from the forest floor, with a massive artificial platform elevating it even higher. The combined height makes it one of the tallest tourist structures in the world.

9. The Pyramid of Tenayuca

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Like Egypt, Mexico is famous for its large number of pyramids of various designs. Aztecs built architectural marvels that still puzzle the human mind. Historians believe the legendary ruler of the Chichimec tribe, Xolotl, founded Tenayuca around 1224, although there might have been earlier settlers. Tribes constructed the pyramid through six phases at 52-year intervals.

The Aztec influence began in 1300. The double pyramid became sacred in the Aztec tradition and remained an important site until the Spanish conquest. The pyramid features dual staircases leading to a platform, with one side of the pyramid also displaying skulls with a coiled snake at the entrance. 

10. The Red Pyramid

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Archeologists now believe the Old Kingdom Pharaoh Sneferu had attempted to build the first smooth-sided pyramid. His initial attempt, The Pyramid of Medium, collapsed, and the second, the Bent Pyramid, nearly collapsed, forcing a design change. Learning from the first two attempts, Sneferuwent on to build the Red Pyramid near the Bent Pyramid in Cairo, Egypt.

Built between 2575 and 2551 BC, the pyramid has a 43-degree angle at the base and at the top, giving it a unique design. Also known as the North Pyramid, it’s the first smooth-sided pyramid and the third largest Egyptian pyramid. The name Red Pyramid comes from the red limestones used to build the pyramid, giving it a reddish hue. During the Middle Ages, locals removed the original Tura limestone, revealing the red stones underneath. It’s one of the highlights of the famous Dahshur Necropolis and an architectural marvel. 

11. Temple of Kukulcán

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The world-famous Temple of Kukulcán sits in the pre-Columbian Maya city of Chichén Itzá. Located in Tinúm Municipality, Yucatán State, Mexico, it was a vital and bustling Maya city from AD 800 to 900 but declined in the 13th century.

Dedicated to the feathered serpent deity Kukulcán, the pyramid has a height of 98 feet with a large staircase. During the spring and fall equinoxes, the staircase gives the impression of a serpent descending the steps. It was common for the Maya people to build structures onto existing structures, with archeologists discovering a second temple within the Temple of Kukulcán. Inside the second pyramid, they found a red jaguar throne. 

12. Pyramid of Khafre

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The second-tallest pyramid of the Ancient Egyptian Pyramids of Giza is the Pyramid of Khafre. The tomb belonged to the Fourth Dynasty pharaoh Khafre during his reign from 2558 to 2532 BC. The famous “Middle Pyramid” stands at 136 feet, with the largest rocks at the bottom. It consisted of a Tura limestone casing with pink granite at the bottom. Unlike most pyramids of the time, the Pyramid of Khafre features two entrances leading to the burial site and other chambers.

After the end of the Old Kingdom, looters opened the pyramid robbing it of its riches. In the 19th century, the builder of the historic Heliopolis used most of the Tura limestone casing to construct a religious center. Archeologists have explored the Pyramid of Khafre, gaining valuable insight and understanding of Egyptian culture. 

13. The Great Sphinx of Giza

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The oldest monument in Egypt is the awe-inspiring Great Sphinx of Giza. Standing on the Giza Plateau in Giza, Egypt, the limestone sphinx is a mythical creature with the body of a lion with a human head. Despite the broken-off nose, the statue appears to depict the pharaoh Khafre, who likely commissioned the building of the Sphinx during his reign from 2558 to 2532 BC.

The Old Kingdom statue is 240 feet long and 62 feet tall. The circumstances and reasons for the broken-off nose remain a mystery. Evidence suggests the nose broke off sometime between the 3rd and 10th centuries. The original Old Kingdom name is unknown as the New Kingdom dubbed it “the Great Sphinx ” 2,000 years after its initial construction.

At one point, a large hole on the top of the head suggested a crown once sat on the Sphinx’s head. It also features a rear entrance that leads to a tunnel into the iconic statue. The 4,500-year-old statue sits with the famous Pyramids of Giza and is one of Egypt’s major tourist attractions. 

History has shown us the world is full of narcissists. Famous celebrities sometimes show signs of NPD, with many actors and singers having narcissistic traits they display on stage or in public. Sometimes they demand the spotlight at any event they attend or spend all day trolling on social media just to get a reaction. Throughout history, leaders, kings, and dictators have shown narcissistic personality disorder traits. These tyrants were often successful due to their manipulative behavior and grandiose sense of self-importance. Let’s take a closer look at the most famous narcissists.

1. King Henry VIII

During the reign of King Henry VIII, the terms “narcissist” and “narcissistic personality disorder” didn’t exist. Otherwise, he’d be known as “King Narcissist.” Henry was the King of England from 1509 to 1547. At the start of his reign, his loyal subjects and followers referred to him as “handsome” and “charismatic.” Later in life, he became known for his enormous ego and vanity, despite being overweight.

He’s best known for having six wives and wanting to have a son. In fact, he did whatever it took to accomplish that goal, such as separating from the Church to divorce his first wife. He also famously beheaded two of his six wives when one failed to produce an heir and the other committed adultery before marriage. A common narcissistic characteristic of tyrants like King Henry is their lack of empathy for the pain inflicted on innocent people. 

2. Adolf Hitler

Notorious dictator Adolf Hitler is undoubtedly one of history’s most infamous narcissists. Hitler was responsible for murdering millions of Jewish people during the Holocaust, starting World War II, and killing millions more. Known as a cruel and violent leader, Hitler believed he and white Germans were the superior race and that everyone else was beneath them and needed to comply with his demands, a typical narcissist trait.

He used propaganda to manipulate his followers into getting his way. Hitler showed no empathy for the pain, suffering, and death he caused. Hitler’s actions and motivation are characteristics of a self-obsessed narcissist. 

3. Napoleon

History remembers Napoleon Bonaparte as a great military leader who became the Emperor of the French and one of the most dominant commanders. He’s also one of history’s most famous narcissists. Napoleon had a reputation for being excessively aggressive and grandiose to compensate for his low self-esteem and inferiority complex.

Standing at just 5’6″, Bonaparte definitely had “little man syndrome,” which is commonly known as “Napoleon complex.” This term is used to describe anyone that overcompensated by being aggressive. Napoleon was known for believing he was special and looked down on those he felt didn’t equal him, another common narcissistic trait. 

4. Steve Jobs

The co-founder and CEO of Apple Inc, Steve Jobs, is one of the most influential inventors in history. He clearly showed signs of narcissistic personality disorder during his time on the planet. Jobs often exploited and bullied those that worked for him. He had a manipulative personality and would use it to achieve his goals regardless of the cost. Jobs was more concerned with his inflated sense of importance and required constant admiration for his genius.

The Apple founder was famous for wearing a simple outfit with sneakers as he’d unveil his newest product alone, making himself the center of attention. Like other successful business magnates, Jobs likely had a narcissistic personality disorder, which helped him succeed in the business world but negatively impacted his personal life. 

5. Elon Musk

The founder of Tesla and owner of Twitter, Elon Musk, fits into the category of a narcissist. Like many people called a “visionary,” Musk has a grandiose sense of self-importance. Often referred to as a “genius,” Musk displays many signs of narcissism, such as his dislike of being criticized or his unlimited confidence. He also tends to make promises he won’t be able to keep, like deadlines, and his recent purchase of the social media platform Twitter has seen him spending much of his time craving attention and admiration via his ridiculous tweets. 

On the positive side, his narcissism is closely related to his unrelenting drive for success. Musk has mentioned struggling with depression and anxiety in the past, which can be linked to people who suffer from narcissistic personality disorder.

6. Donald Trump 

The former President of the United States, Donald Trump, has a long-term pattern of displaying narcissistic traits throughout his life. Trump has a history of making grandiose claims and promises with little or no evidence, such as the giant border wall. This has led the media to describe him as a “malignant narcissist.”

Trump strongly needed constant admiration from his staff and other politicians while in office. He rarely showed loyalty to his staff and used them to achieve his goals. When they no longer suited his needs, he would feud with them. Trump is also arrogant, pompous, and shows a lack of empathy. Although a horrible person, Trump’s narcissistic personality helped him build a loyal fan base, leading to The Apprentice host winning the 2016 Presidential election. 

7. Madonna 

Narcissistic personality disorder has a positive side to it as well. Narcissists have an intense drive, are workaholics, and will do whatever it takes to succeed. The iconic singer Madonna checks off all those boxes.

In the 1980s, Madonna was easily the most famous superstar on the planet. She influenced fashion, music, and Hollywood. It’s no surprise she shows narcissistic traits. Madonna even admits that she craves being the center of attention. She often displays narcissistic attributes with her wild stage persona and shocking outfits. Madonna’s need to be in the spotlight has helped keep her relevant all these years. 

8. Alexander the Great

In 336 BC, Alexander the Great ascended to the throne, becoming King of Macedon. Under the leadership of Alexander, the ancient Greek kingdom stretched from Greece to India. Historians regard him as one of the greatest military strategists. He’s also one of the most well-known narcissists.

Alexander strongly desired to conquer other locations, leading him to create one of history’s most impressive armies. He pushed his troops into constant wars to achieve his own goals and dreams, no matter the cost. Alexander was obsessed with his image and appearance, a common narcissistic characteristic. He also tended to be cruel, overly competitive, and lacked empathy for the death and destruction he caused during his reign. 

9. Kanye West

Kanye West is considered one of the greatest rappers of all time. Just ask him: he’ll tell you. West has a grandiose sense of self-importance. West shows multiple signs of narcissistic personality disorder and other mental illnesses. 

For example, he once told the New York Times, “I am so credible and so influential and so relevant that I will change things.” In addition to craving admiration, he constantly needs the spotlight, like when he famously interrupted Taylor Swift at the MTV Awards. In the last few years, his erratic behavior and anti-Semitic remarks have stirred up even more controversy. West’s narcissistic personality disorder is likely related to more significant mental health issues that he will hopefully get treatment for.  

10. Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson became one of the most famous and controversial celebrities in history during his time in the spotlight. The “King of Pop” released a series of groundbreaking albums throughout the 80s. In the 90s, he faced accusations of sexually assaulting underage boys. Despite his public persona Jackson frequently displayed narcissistic attributes. He manipulated individuals to get his own way and had a history of being a control freak.

Jackson also appeared to be obsessed with himself and required constant attention. The “Thriller” singer was said to be vain and put importance on his looks, causing him to change his appearance drastically through numerous plastic surgeries. Jackson loved nothing more than being in the spotlight and would do anything to get it.

11. Kim Kardashian 

Reality star and socialite Kim Kardashian is one of the most famous people on Earth. Fans and critics have been accusing Kardashian of being a narcissist since she became a household name in the early 00s. Those opinions intensified when she released a book of selfies.

Kardashian doesn’t fit into each category perfectly but displays certain narcissistic traits. She openly admits that her appearance is important and vital to her life. Kardashian also enjoys being the center of attention and craves endless admiration. In contrast, she does show empathy for family, friends, and others. Kardashian also struggles with low self-esteem and other insecurities, showing she suffers from the same fears as many others. 

12. Mariah Carey

Mariah Carey is famous for her iconic voice, chart-topping albums, and inflated sense of self-importance. Carey is one of those artists that shows a few signs of narcissism but doesn’t tick every box.

She’s known for needing constant attention and always needs to be in the spotlight. Carey appears to have an excessive sense of self-importance and requires admiration. Carey is known for getting easily angry and insulted when she doesn’t get the attention she craves. 

13. Paris Hilton

Socialite and TV personality Paris Hilton rose to fame partly because of her self-absorbed persona. In the early 2000s, the media often labeled Hilton as a narcissist. She shows traits of narcissistic personality disorder, such as craving attention from photographers, a sense of entitlement, and focusing on her appearance. Hilton disagrees with the assertion, claiming to have changed her ways. 

14. Miley Cyrus 

In the early 2010s, Miley Cyrus shed the innocent Disney Channel star image and embraced a sultry and risque persona. Cyrus made headlines with provocative and sexual performances to further move away from her Hannah Montana image. Cyrus’s racy and wild behavior is a common trait among narcissists.

At the time, she did whatever it took to be the center of attention, like dancing with Robin Thicke during the controversial MTV Awards performance. Her shocking behavior had everyone talking about her. Cyrus reinvented herself again with a more mature image, although she still loves to be the center of attention.